The Hindu Editorial – 29 Jan 2026
Editorial Grammar & Vocabulary Analysis
For SSC, Banking, NDA, CDS, UPSC & Teaching Exams
The free trade (Adj) agreement (Sub) (FTA) between India (Obj) and the European Union (EU) (Obj) is (Present Simple) significant (Adj) not just (Adv) on account of the sizes (Obj) of the economies (Obj) involved (Past Participle), but also (Adv) because it (Sub) showcases (Present Simple) Indian (Adj) negotiators’ skill (Obj) and maturity (Obj) when dealing (Gerund) with a powerful (Adj) counterparty (Obj). India (Sub) has managed (Present Perfect) to negotiate (Infinitive) favourable (Adj) terms (Obj) in each (Obj) of the previous (Adj) eight FTAs (Obj) of the last four years (Obj) or so (Adv), but those (Sub) were (Past Simple) with much smaller (Adj) economies (Obj) or groupings (Obj).
सारांश: भारत-यूरोपीय संघ मुक्त व्यापार समझौता शामिल आर्थिक पैमाने के कारण महत्वपूर्ण है और एक प्रमुख साझेदार के साथ भारत के परिष्कृत वार्ता कौशल को प्रदर्शित करता है। हालांकि भारत ने पिछले समझौतों में अच्छी शर्तें हासिल की थीं, वे काफी छोटी अर्थव्यवस्थाओं के साथ थे।
For context (Obj), the other (Adj) eight FTAs (Sub) together (Adv) accounted (Past Simple) for about 16% (Obj) of India’s total (Adj) trade (Obj) in 2024-25 (Obj), while the EU (Sub) itself (Adv) accounted (Past Simple) for nearly (Adv) 12% (Obj). Under the latest (Adj) deal (Obj), the EU (Sub) will drop (Future Simple) tariffs (Obj) on 99.5% (Obj) of the items (Obj) that India (Sub) exports (Present Simple), with most (Sub) going (Gerund) down (Adv) to zero (Obj) immediately (Adv) upon implementation (Obj). India (Sub) has given (Present Perfect) tariff (Adj) concessions (Obj) on 97.5% (Obj) of Europe’s exports (Obj).
सारांश: यूरोपीय संघ अकेला भारत के आठ पिछले एफटीए भागीदारों के संयुक्त व्यापार के लगभग बराबर है। समझौते में निर्धारित है कि यूरोपीय संघ लगभग सभी भारतीय निर्यातों पर टैरिफ समाप्त करेगा, जबकि भारत अधिकांश यूरोपीय वस्तुओं पर टैरिफ कम करेगा।
Both sides (Sub) did (Past Simple) well (Adv) to address (Infinitive) issues (Obj) that (Sub) were (Past Simple) previously (Adv) intractable (Adj). India (Sub) ensured (Past Simple) that strategic (Adj) agricultural (Adj) sectors (Obj) and dairy (Obj) were excluded (Past Simple Passive) from the deal (Obj). The EU (Sub) too (Adv) managed (Past Simple) to exclude (Infinitive) several (Obj) of its sensitive (Adj) agricultural (Adj) sectors (Obj).
सारांश: दोनों पक्षों ने अपने संवेदनशील कृषि क्षेत्रों की रक्षा करके पहले के जिद्दी मुद्दों को सफलतापूर्वक हल किया, जिसमें भारत ने डेयरी और रणनीतिक कृषि क्षेत्रों को बाहर रखा।
What (Sub) stood out (Past Simple) was (Past Simple) how the two sides (Sub) arrived (Past Simple) at a workable (Adj) solution (Obj) on automobiles (Obj). It (Sub) had been (Past Perfect) disagreements (Obj) over auto (Obj) and auto parts (Obj) that (Sub) had derailed (Past Perfect) negotiations (Obj) in 2013. The quota-based (Adj) system (Sub) now (Adv) arrived at (Past Participle) not only (Adv) protects (Present Simple) India’s domestic (Adj) manufacturers (Obj) at the lower end (Obj) of the price band (Obj), but also (Adv) provides (Present Simple) a big (Adj) opportunity (Obj) for Europe’s luxury (Adj) carmakers (Obj).
सारांश: एक उल्लेखनीय उपलब्धि ऑटोमोबाइल के लिए एक व्यावहारिक समाधान ढूंढना था, जो 2013 में वार्ता विफल होने का कारण था। नई कोटा प्रणाली भारत के किफायती कार उद्योग की रक्षा करती है जबकि यूरोपीय लक्जरी ब्रांडों के लिए एक बड़ा बाजार खोलती है।
Similarly (Adv), the quota-based (Adj) wine (Adj) tariffs (Sub) not only (Adv) give (Present Simple) French (Adj) winemakers (Obj) an opportunity (Obj) — a fervent (Adj) demand (Obj) on their part (Obj) — but also (Adv) provide (Present Simple) protections (Obj) to India’s burgeoning (Adj) domestic (Adj) industry (Obj).
सारांश: वाइन टैरिफ पर एक समान संतुलित दृष्टिकोण लागू होता है, जो फ्रांसीसी उत्पादकों की बाजार पहुंच की मजबूत मांग को पूरा करता है और साथ ही भारत के बढ़ते घरेलू वाइन उद्योग की रक्षा करता है।
Such (Adj) a mature (Adj) and pragmatic (Adj) approach (Sub) to persistent (Adj) hindrances (Obj) is (Present Simple) the way (Obj) large (Adj) economies (Sub) must negotiate (Modal Verb) with each other (Obj). This (Sub) is (Present Simple) further (Adv) illustrated (Present Simple Passive) by the mobility, defence, and technology (Adj) agreements (Obj) that (Sub) were signed (Past Simple Passive) separately (Adv).
सारांश: लंबे समय से चली आ रही बाधाओं को दूर करने का यह परिपक्व और व्यावहारिक तरीका प्रमुख अर्थव्यवस्थाओं के लिए एक मॉडल स्थापित करता है। सहयोगात्मक भावना गतिशीलता, रक्षा और प्रौद्योगिकी पर अलग-अलग समझौतों में और परिलक्षित होती है।
That said, there (Sub) are (Present Simple) some (Adj) concerns (Obj). India (Sub) could not negotiate (Past Simple) any (Adj) concessions (Obj) under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) (Obj). At the moment (Obj), this tariff (Sub) applies (Present Simple) to only (Adv) six (Adj) products (Obj), but (Sub) is designed (Present Simple Passive) to include (Infinitive) all (Adj) industrial (Adj) goods (Obj) in some years (Obj).
सारांश: हालांकि, कुछ चुनौतियां बनी हुई हैं, जैसे कि भारत का यूरोपीय संघ के कार्बन सीमा कर से छूट हासिल करने में विफल रहना, जो वर्तमान में छह वस्तुओं को कवर करता है लेकिन अंततः सभी औद्योगिक उत्पादों को शामिल करेगा।
The upside (Sub) is (Present Simple) that CBAM (Sub) applies (Present Simple) to all (Adj) countries (Obj) equally (Adv), and India (Sub) has done (Present Perfect) well (Adv) to negotiate (Infinitive) a deal (Obj) wherein any concession (Sub) granted (Past Participle) to a third (Adj) country (Obj) would automatically (Adv) apply (Modal Verb) to it (Obj) as well (Adv).
सारांश: एक सकारात्मक पहलू यह है कि कार्बन कर सभी राष्ट्रों पर समान रूप से लागू होता है, और भारत ने एक खंड सुरक्षित किया है जो यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि भविष्य में अन्य देशों को दी गई किसी भी छूट पर उसे स्वतः ही लागू हो जाएगा।
Second (Adv), if India (Sub) is (Present Simple) to attract (Infinitive) foreign (Adj) investors (Obj) looking (Present Participle) to take advantage (Infinitive) of a cheaper (Adj) export route (Obj) to Europe (Obj), it (Sub) will have (Future Simple) to quickly (Adv) implement (Infinitive) reforms (Obj) that (Sub) encourage (Present Simple) large-scale (Adj) manufacturing (Obj).
सारांश: दूसरा, यूरोपीय बाजार तक सस्ती पहुंच चाहने वाले विदेशी निवेश को आकर्षित करने के लिए, भारत को ऐसे सुधारों को शीघ्रता से लागू करना होगा जो बड़े पैमाने पर विनिर्माण क्षमताओं को प्रोत्साहित करें।
Finally (Adv), with the FTA document (Sub) to be translated (Infinitive) into 27 European (Adj) languages (Obj) before it (Sub) can be cleared (Modal Passive) by each country (Obj) and finally (Adv) the European Parliament (Obj), actual (Adj) implementation (Sub) will likely (Adv) take (Future Simple) a while (Obj). India (Sub) must push (Present Simple) for as speedy (Adj) a clearing (Adj) process (Obj) as possible (Adv).
सारांश: अंत में, एफटीए की पुष्टि में समय लगेगा क्योंकि इसके लिए 27 भाषाओं में अनुवाद और प्रत्येक यूरोपीय संघ सदस्य राज्य और संसद की स्वीकृति आवश्यक है। भारत को यथासंभव तेज अनुमोदन प्रक्रिया की वकालत करनी चाहिए।
Otherwise (Adv), the gains (Sub) so (Adv) painstakingly (Adv) bargained (Past Participle) for (Infinitive) will be (Future Simple) too (Adv) late (Adj) to offset (Infinitive) the U.S. tariff (Adj) pain (Obj).
सारांश: देरी से अमेरिकी टैरिफ के कारण होने वाली आर्थिक क्षति का प्रतिकार करने में कड़ी मेहनत से प्राप्त लाभ अप्रभावी हो सकते हैं।
Important Vocabulary
Meaning: The other party involved in a financial transaction or agreement.
हिन्दी अर्थ: प्रतिपक्ष, दूसरा पक्ष
Synonyms: opposite party, other side, participant
Antonyms: ally, partner (in a cooperative sense)
Example: Banks must assess the risk of their counterparty failing to pay.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Hard to control or deal with; stubborn.
हिन्दी अर्थ: दुराग्रही, हठीला, कठिन
Synonyms: stubborn, obstinate, unmanageable
Antonyms: tractable, manageable, compliant
Example: The intractable problem required a novel solution.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Caused to leave its tracks; obstructed or disrupted.
हिन्दी अर्थ: पटरी से उतार देना, विफल कर देना
Synonyms: obstructed, thwarted, disrupted
Antonyms: advanced, facilitated, promoted
Example: A minor dispute derailed the peace talks.
Phrasal Verb: derail (verb)
Meaning: Having or displaying a passionate intensity.
हिन्दी अर्थ: उत्साही, उग्र, जोशीला
Synonyms: passionate, ardent, enthusiastic
Antonyms: apathetic, indifferent, dispassionate
Example: She is a fervent supporter of environmental causes.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.
हिन्दी अर्थ: तेजी से बढ़ता हुआ, फलता-फूलता
Synonyms: growing, expanding, flourishing
Antonyms: shrinking, declining, dwindling
Example: The city has a burgeoning technology sector.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Dealing with things sensibly and realistically based on practical considerations.
हिन्दी अर्थ: व्यावहारिक, यथार्थवादी
Synonyms: practical, realistic, sensible
Antonyms: idealistic, impractical, unrealistic
Example: The manager took a pragmatic approach to solving the crisis.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Continuing firmly or obstinately despite difficulty or opposition.
हिन्दी अर्थ: लगातार, दृढ़, जिद्दी
Synonyms: continual, constant, relentless
Antonyms: occasional, intermittent, sporadic
Example: Her persistent efforts led to her success.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Things that provide resistance, delay, or obstruction.
हिन्दी अर्थ: बाधाएं, रुकावटें
Synonyms: obstacles, impediments, barriers
Antonyms: aids, assists, facilitators
Example: Lack of funding is a major hindrance to research.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: Things that are granted, especially in response to demands; compromises.
हिन्दी अर्थ: रियायतें, छूट
Synonyms: compromises, allowances, privileges
Antonyms: demands, refusals, denials
Example: The company made several concessions to the workers’ union.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
Meaning: To counterbalance or compensate for.
हिन्दी अर्थ: कम करना, भरपाई करना
Synonyms: counterbalance, neutralize, compensate for
Antonyms: aggravate, worsen, intensify
Example: The company’s losses were offset by profits from other divisions.
Phrasal Verb: offset against
Meaning: With great care and thoroughness.
हिन्दी अर्थ: बहुत सावधानी से, परिश्रमपूर्वक
Synonyms: meticulously, carefully, diligently
Antonyms: carelessly, hastily, negligently
Example: The artist painstakingly restored the ancient painting.
Phrasal Verb: N/A
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Source: The Hindu Newspaper – Link
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